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Types of Economic Systems in Hindi/English

  Types of Economic Systems: 1. Capitalist Economy: The goods produced are distributed between people, not based on what people need but o...

 

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Types of Economic Systems:

1. Capitalist Economy:

The goods produced are distributed between people, not based on what people

need but on the basis of Purchasing Power, i.e., the ability to buy goods and

services.

- It depends on the market model.

- It has its origin in the famous work of Adam Smith- Wealth of Nations (1776).

- Capitalist economy believes in the principle of laissez-faire and the concept of

the invisible hand of market forces.

- They believe that for the economy to function well, there is a need for

competition in the market.

NOTE: Bullock Capitalist is the term coined by Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph. It can be defined

as the farmers, who are self-employed & self-funded, and who hold that much land which is

sufficient to support a pair of bullocks. This term came in existence after the abolition of

zamindari system in India which gave rise to independent small to medium-sized producers.

2. Socialist Economy:

The government chooses what goods are to be produced a/c to the needs of

society.

- The idea was presented by Karl Marx.

-This type of economic system first came into vogue after the Russian

revolution in 1917.

- In a socialist economy, the government has an important role to play.

- Government owns and runs most of the enterprises in a socialist economy and

private player role is very limited, e.g., the erstwhile Soviet Union.

3. Mixed Economy:

Government and the market together answer the three questions:

what to produce, 

o how to produce, and 

o how to distribute

- In this type of economy, the market provides goods and services it can deliver well

and has competence in, while the government provides essential goods and 

services which the market fails to provide for.

- This economic model was propounded by British Economist John Maynard Keynes 

in the famous work (The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money).

- He questioned the very principle of Laissez-faire and the nature of the invisible 

hand.

- He strongly opined and suggested strong government intervention in the 

economy.

- Nehru and other thinkers of the newly independent India sought an alternative to 

the extreme versions of capitalism and socialism. 

- They combined best features of Socialism without its drawbacks.

- India was envisaged as a Socialist society with a robust public sector but also 

with private sector and democracy.

- India follows the model of a Mixed Economy.

Although India is an agro-based economy, substantial emphasis has been given on the 

development of industries (both consumer goods & capital goods), services sector (including 

construction, trade, commerce, banking system, etc.) and socio-economic infrastructure (viz. 

education, health, housing, power, energy, transport, communication, etc.).

आर्थिक प्रणालियों के प्रकार :

1. पूंजीवादी अर्थव्यवस्था:

उत्पादित माल लोगों के बीच वितरित किया जाता है, न कि लोगों के आधार पर

जरूरत है लेकिन क्रय शक्ति के आधार पर, यानी सामान खरीदने की क्षमता और

सेवाएं।

- यह मार्केट मॉडल पर निर्भर करता है।

- इसकी उत्पत्ति एडम स्मिथ- वेल्थ ऑफ नेशंस (1776) के प्रसिद्ध काम में हुई है।

- पूंजीवादी अर्थव्यवस्था अहस्तक्षेप के सिद्धांत और की अवधारणा में विश्वास करती है

बाजार की ताकतों का अदृश्य हाथ।

- उनका मानना ​​है कि अर्थव्यवस्था के अच्छी तरह से काम करने के लिए इसकी आवश्यकता है

बाजार में प्रतिस्पर्धा।

नोट: बैल कैपिटलिस्ट लॉयड और सुज़ैन रूडोल्फ द्वारा गढ़ा गया शब्द है। इसे परिभाषित किया जा सकता है

किसानों के रूप में, जो स्वरोजगार और स्व-वित्तपोषित हैं, और जिनके पास इतनी जमीन है जो है

बैलों की एक जोड़ी का समर्थन करने के लिए पर्याप्त है। यह शब्द के उन्मूलन के बाद अस्तित्व में आया

भारत में जमींदारी प्रणाली जिसने स्वतंत्र छोटे से मध्यम आकार के उत्पादकों को जन्म दिया।

2. समाजवादी अर्थव्यवस्था:

सरकार चुनती है कि किस सामान का उत्पादन a / c की जरूरतों के लिए किया जाना है

समाज।

- विचार कार्ल मार्क्स द्वारा प्रस्तुत किया गया था।

- इस प्रकार की आर्थिक व्यवस्था सबसे पहले रूसियों के बाद प्रचलन में आई

1917 में क्रांति।

- समाजवादी अर्थव्यवस्था में सरकार की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका होती है।

- समाजवादी अर्थव्यवस्था में अधिकांश उद्यमों का स्वामित्व और संचालन सरकार करती है और

निजी खिलाड़ी की भूमिका बहुत सीमित है, उदाहरण के लिए, तत्कालीन सोवियत संघ।

3. मिश्रित अर्थव्यवस्था:

सरकार और बाजार मिलकर तीन सवालों के जवाब देते हैं:

क्या पैदा करना है, 

o उत्पादन कैसे करें, और 

ओ कैसे वितरित करें

- इस प्रकार की अर्थव्यवस्था में, बाजार अच्छी तरह से वितरित होने वाली वस्तुओं और सेवाओं को प्रदान करता है

और इसमें सक्षमता है, जबकि सरकार आवश्यक सामान प्रदान करती है और 

जिन सेवाओं के लिए बाजार प्रदान करने में विफल रहता है।

- यह आर्थिक मॉडल ब्रिटिश अर्थशास्त्री जॉन मेनार्ड कीन्स द्वारा प्रतिपादित किया गया था 

प्रसिद्ध काम में (रोजगार, ब्याज और धन का सामान्य सिद्धांत)।

- उन्होंने लाईसेज़-फेयर के सिद्धांत और अदृश्य की प्रकृति पर सवाल उठाया 

हाथ।

- उन्होंने पुरजोर राय दी और इसमें मजबूत सरकारी हस्तक्षेप का सुझाव दिया 

अर्थव्यवस्था

- नेहरू और नए स्वतंत्र भारत के अन्य विचारकों ने एक विकल्प की मांग की 

पूंजीवाद और समाजवाद के चरम संस्करण। 

- उन्होंने समाजवाद की सर्वोत्तम विशेषताओं को उसकी कमियों के बिना संयोजित किया।

- भारत की परिकल्पना एक मजबूत सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के साथ एक समाजवादी समाज के रूप में की गई थी, लेकिन साथ ही 

निजी क्षेत्र और लोकतंत्र के साथ।

- भारत मिश्रित अर्थव्यवस्था के मॉडल का अनुसरण करता है।

हालांकि भारत एक कृषि आधारित अर्थव्यवस्था है, लेकिन इस पर पर्याप्त जोर दिया गया है 

उद्योगों का विकास (उपभोक्ता वस्तुएं और पूंजीगत सामान दोनों), सेवा क्षेत्र (सहित .) 

निर्माण, व्यापार, वाणिज्य, बैंकिंग प्रणाली, आदि) और सामाजिक-आर्थिक आधारभूत संरचना (अर्थात। 

शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, आवास, बिजली, ऊर्जा, परिवहन, संचार, आदि)।



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